Spine

The spine, also known as the vertebral column, is a series of connected bones (vertebrae) running from the base of the skull to the tailbone, providing essential support for the body while protecting the spinal cord within its bony canal. It is divided into distinct regions including the cervical spine (neck), thoracic spine (mid-back), and lumbar spine (lower back), each contributing to a range of motion depending on the structure of its vertebrae and joints.

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Cervical Spondylosis

What it is: A general term for age-related changes in the cervical spine (neck). The discs between the vertebrae degenerate, leading to bone spurs and narrowing of the spinal canal.
Symptoms: Neck pain and stiffness, headaches, numbness or tingling in the arms or hands, muscle weakness, and difficulty walking.

Spondylisthesis

What it is: Occurs when one vertebra slips forward onto the vertebra below it.
Symptoms: Back pain, numbness or tingling in the legs or feet, and muscle weakness.

Disc Bulge

What it is: Occurs when the outer layer of a spinal disc weakens and bulges outward, potentially compressing nerves.
Symptoms: Back pain, numbness or tingling, and muscle weakness.

Lumbar Spondylosis

What it is: Similar to cervical spondylosis, but affects the lumbar spine (lower back).
Symptoms: Lower back pain, stiffness, numbness or tingling in the legs or feet, and muscle weakness.

Ankylosing Spondylitis

What it is: A type of inflammatory arthritis that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints.
Symptoms: Back pain and stiffness, especially in the morning, fatigue, and difficulty moving.

Scoliosis

What it is: A sideways curvature of the spine.
Symptoms: Uneven shoulders or hips, back pain, and difficulty breathing in severe cases.

Spondylitis

What it is: An umbrella term for inflammatory conditions affecting the spine.
Types: Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of spondylitis that causes inflammation of the spine and sacroiliac joints.
Symptoms: Back pain, stiffness, fatigue, and difficulty moving.

Sciatica

What it is: Pain that radiates down the leg due to compression of the sciatic nerve.
Causes: Often caused by a herniated disc or spinal stenosis.
Symptoms: Pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the leg or foot.

Kyphosis/Lordosis

What it is: Kyphosis is an excessive forward curvature of the spine (hunchback), while lordosis is an excessive inward curvature (swayback).
Symptoms: Back pain, difficulty breathing, and postural problems.